Yes, the anklebone’s connected to the shinbone, and the shinbone’s connected to the thighbone, but what about those poor under-sung joints in between?
According to the Arthritis Foundation, 66 million people suffer from arthritis or chronic joint symptoms (nearly one in three adults). It’s one of the most prevalent chronic health problems and the nation’s leading cause of disability among Americans over age 15. Keeping your joints in fine working order is especially important for athletes and weekend warriors. You don’t want to have to say, “I can’t run anymore because my knees are shot,” when the next game of pickup basketball comes up.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that more than 10,000 people receive treatment in emergency rooms each day for injuries sustained in sports, recreation, and exercise activities, and that at least one of every five emergency room visits for an injury results from participation in sports or recreation. But you’re not going to let the fear of injury keep you inside; you’re going to keep up the active lifestyle that makes you happy.
Preparation is key to remain injury-free
Tennis elbow (lateral and medial epicondylitis) can be caused by turning a screwdriver, and walking can cause runner’s knee (patellofemoral pain). The smart bet, then, is to know what causes injury, be conscious of your movements, and prepare your body for use before using it.
According to the “Common Sports Injuries” chapter of the The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy (John Wiley & Sons, 1999) written by Gabe Mirkin, MD, these are the two most common sources of musculoskeletal and connective tissue injury:
6 Overuse.
Working muscle fibers through exercise means a required period of healing for those fibers. If you continually put too much stress on those fibers, sooner or later they will give in—and give out.
6 biomechanical factors
There’s a kind of cascading effect to biomechanical injuries. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments may be injured when they are too weak. Joints are more likely to be damaged if supporting muscles and ligaments are weak.
“All persons have tissues susceptible to injury because of inherent weakness or biomechanical factors,” Mirkin says. Mirkin notes that patients with exaggerated lumbar lordosis, or swayback, are at risk of back pain when they swing a baseball bat, and running long distances can cause knee pain in people with foot problems. “Without correction, the risk of chronic injury is high because specific motions are performed repeatedly in all sports,” he says.
Knowledge is Power
According to Peter Seamans, certified somatic neuromuscular therapist and corrective high-performance exercise kinesiologist, “The key to avoiding joint distress is flexibility, strength, and stability.”
If you are strong but inflexible, you risk tearing muscles. If you are flexible but weak, the joints won’t have the strength necessary to support that flexibility. Either way, if you can’t stabilize your joints under load, that instability will start to wear the joints.”
In order to protect the joints, one must work on all three fronts. With that in mind, Seamans says the key to designing a proper workout and stretching routine is approaching it on an individual, not a generic, basis. “Every person has specific adaptations that they’ve had since childhood,” he says. “It is necessary to search out those imbalances and restore natural balance, which, in turn, provides for properly functioning joints. If your hip flexors and calf muscles are tight, your knee will suffer for that imbalance. Stretch and strengthen those muscles and the knee will begin to realign.”
Lisa Dorfman, MS, RD, sports nutritionist and certified USA Track and Field and USA Triathlon coach, agrees that improper form can injure joints. “It’s important to remember to have movements in the same direction,” Dorfman advises. “Lateral tension increases the likelihood of injury.” Going back to the knee example, if the hip flexors tug the knee outward, the joint won’t track properly in its correct front/back motion.
Dorfman also recommends strengthening the muscles around the joint to decrease the tension and reliance on the joint for movement. Regular resistance training and aerobic activity will improve your strength and endurance, she says, and will help distribute “the force of muscle contraction more evenly over the joint surfaces.”
Of course, all the stretching, strengthening, and stabilizing in the world won’t help if you continue to reinforce bad habits. There’s much more to taking care of your joints than just hitting the gym. “Beyond that, and more simple than that,” Seamans says, “is your awareness of your own body.”
Supplements for Supple Joints
Tiny tears and strains are inevitable in the hard-working body. In fact, that’s how one builds flexibility and strength. Herbs that promote wound healing are of great value to keep joints working properly. Curcumin, which is the active component in turmeric (Curcuma longa), is a popular wound-repair ingredient. A 2004 study in the journal Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition sought to explain the biochemical mechanism of curcumin to explain its “anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, and anti-infectious activities. In addition, the wound healing and detoxifying properties of curcumin have also received considerable attention,” the researchers stated.
Essential oils can help aching joints and speed healing. The Journal of Inflammation published a study in February that found that external application of geranium essential oil “can suppress the inflammatory symptoms.” They also found that lavender, eucalyptus, and tea tree oils suppressed inflammation, but not to the extent that geranium did.
David Bunting, master herbalist, says, “Herbs such as gotu kola (Centella asiatica), echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), horsetail (Equisetum arvense), and thuja (Thuja occidentalis) can work together to help strengthen joints and promote vascularization of connective tissue.” He also notes, “A diet rich in green vegetables, supplemented with a multi-mineral if needed, is also essential for encouraging development of dense connective tissue.”
Body bibliography
Peter Seamans, certified somatic neuromuscular therapist and corrective high-performance exercise kinesiologist, recommends the following books for more information about how to prevent joint injury:
Muscles: Testing and Function (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005) by Florence Peterson Kendall and Elizabeth Kendall McCreary. This clinical book will show you how to test length and tension of most of the muscles in the body.
Somatics (Da Capo Press, 2004) by Thomas Hanna, PhD, founder of the field of Somatics and director of the Novato Institute for Somatic Research and Training. This book details a movement method called “sensory-motor awareness.”
Self-Awakening Yoga: The Expansion of Consciousness through the Body’s Own Wisdom (Healing Arts Press, 2004) by Don Stapleton, PhD, a teacher and director of the Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health for 19 years and cofounder and codirector of the Nosara Yoga Institute in Costa Rica. A spinal injury caused Stapleton to explore yoga postures that “draw on the roots of yoga as a creative learning process and an expansion of consciousness.”
http://www.naturalsolutionsmag.com/article-display/11831/subTopicID/181/Keep-Those-Joints-Jumping
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Thursday, March 31, 2011
World of Mobile Health
American Medical Association launches CPT app and medical app contest
This week the American Medical Association (AMA) announced the launch of its first smartphone app called CPT E/M QuickRef, a reference guide that helps physicians determine the appropriate CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) code to use for billing. The AMA also launched a medical app contest for physicians and medical students.
“Compatible with Apple iPhone, iPod Touch and the iPad, the app features both decision-tree logic and quick search options, allowing physicians to digitally track CPT codes and email them anywhere,” according to the AMA’s iPhone app description. “Physicians can also save their most frequently used codes by location or type of service to allow for even more ease of use.”
The app carries a caveat: “This app provides suggested codes,” the AMA wrote. “Final code selection remains the full responsibility of the individual user.”
The AMA 2011 App Challenge is looking for ideas for apps from physicians, medical students and residents, which the AMA will then “bring to life.” Winners get $2,500 (cash and prizes) and a ticket to New Orleans to watch the “unveiling” of their app at the AMA’s annual gathering later this year.
“The AMA’s new CPT quick reference app helps physicians determine the appropriate E&M code for billing quickly, easily and accurately,” AMA Board Secretary Steven J. Stack, M.D. stated in the association’s press release. “To find the next great medical app idea we are going right to the source by inviting physicians, residents and medical students to participate in the first-ever AMA App Challenge.”
Assuming Stack was referring to the CPT quick reference app as the most recent “great medical app idea,” our research shows at least 46 other developers beat the AMA to the punch. MobiHealthNews’ last survey of the health-related apps available for the major smartphone platforms found that 46 apps were available to download from Apple’s AppStore as of September 2010. This group of apps grew 170 percent over the six months leading up to our survey — in February 2010 there were only 17 apps that helped healthcare providers look up billing codes. (More in our apps report: The Fastest Growing and Most Successful Health & Medical Apps.)
http://mobihealthnews.com/10601/american-medical-association-launches-cpt-app-and-medical-app-contest/
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
03.31.11
It usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.
Mark Twain
http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Mark_Twain/31
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Mark Twain
http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Mark_Twain/31
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Who has the worst eating habits?
When I think about bad eating habits the following immediately come to mind:
1. Skipping Breakfast
2. Fast Food and, in particular, supersizing
3. Fried Food
4. Soda
5. Unbalanced emphasis on simply carbohydrates
6. Snacking late at night, especially on sweets
7. Lack of fruits and vegetables
8. Eating to relieve stress
9. Overeating
Poor eating habits often are influenced by one’s access to quality food, as suggested by USDA reports to congress.
In the U.S., this is really not an excuse for an unhealthy lifestyle but does mean we have to work a little harder to improve our health through the right nutritional choices. Only a small percentage of Americans are actually constrained to the point that they cannot obtain healthy and nutritious food.
And, it is poor eating habits – our choices – that are leading to obesity and related health problems, such as Type 2 Diabetes, stroke, cancer and coronary artery disease. The overall spending related to our choices is quoted in the $147 billion range.
http://www.diabetologica.com/2011/03/who-has-the-worst-eating-habits/
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
1. Skipping Breakfast
2. Fast Food and, in particular, supersizing
3. Fried Food
4. Soda
5. Unbalanced emphasis on simply carbohydrates
6. Snacking late at night, especially on sweets
7. Lack of fruits and vegetables
8. Eating to relieve stress
9. Overeating
Poor eating habits often are influenced by one’s access to quality food, as suggested by USDA reports to congress.
In the U.S., this is really not an excuse for an unhealthy lifestyle but does mean we have to work a little harder to improve our health through the right nutritional choices. Only a small percentage of Americans are actually constrained to the point that they cannot obtain healthy and nutritious food.
And, it is poor eating habits – our choices – that are leading to obesity and related health problems, such as Type 2 Diabetes, stroke, cancer and coronary artery disease. The overall spending related to our choices is quoted in the $147 billion range.
http://www.diabetologica.com/2011/03/who-has-the-worst-eating-habits/
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
03.30.11
In the first place, God made idiots. That was for practice. Then he made school boards.
Mark Twain
http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Mark_Twain/31
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Mark Twain
http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Mark_Twain/31
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
What is Hydroxycitrate?
Hydroxycitrate: Controversial Weight-Loss Ingredient
Hydroxycitrate is a generic name for any salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which occurs naturally in fruits from the genus Garcinia. HCA is found in particularly high concentrations in Garcinia cambogia, commonly called brindleberry or Malabar tamarind.
Hydroxycitrate is the active ingredient in a number of over-the-counter weight-loss products. Among the many dietary supplements that are advertised to aid in weight management, hydroxycitrate is distinguished by the large body of research examining its effectiveness, safety and mechanism of action. However, hydroxycitrate is also distinguishable by the conflicting and inconsistent nature of the studies, and by the controversy generated by these studies.
HCA is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP citrate lyase, which has a major role in synthesizing fatty acids in the body. HCA is also believed to reduce malonyl-CoA concentrations, leading to increased fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, it is believed that HCA promotes weight loss by interfering with fatty acid synthesis, promoting fat oxidation and reducing appetite.
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis showed a small but statistically significant weight-loss effect of HCA compared to placebo. However, gastrointestinal adverse effects were also twice as common in subjects taking HCA than in those taking placebo.
Several animal and human studies have supported the effectiveness of HCA for weight loss. Of these, the vast majority were funded or conducted by pharmaceutical companies, with one or more authors affiliated with a major supplier of HCA-based products.
Other studies have shown no effects of HCA on weight loss parameters (such as body weight reduction, blood/serum profiles, or satiety). One study, conducted at Columbia University and published in 1998 in the leading medical publication Journal of the American Medical Association, is considered to be strong evidence against the effectiveness of hydroxycitrate or HCA for weight loss.
However, proponents of HCA say that the high-fiber, low-calorie diet that was used in this study may have prevented the anti-obesity effects of hydroxycitrate.
Animal studies have shown that HCA may have toxic effects, such as testicular shrinkage and toxicity. However, the HCA used some of these studies reportedly contained large amounts of HCA lactone. In the free acid or lactone forms, HCA can potentially cause have negative effects on testicular development by chelating zinc, which can lead to zinc deficiency. Many commercial HCA products contain fully reacted calcium or potassium salts of HCA, so should have little or no free HCA acid or HCA lactone. Hydroxycitrate has been determined to be safe in several studies, and has been determined to be GRAS by an independent team of experts for use as a flavoring agent. Acidic conditions may promote lactone formation, even of fully reacted acid salts. Therefore, it should be cautioned that free HCA acid or HCA lactone may accumulate over time in acidic products.
Taken together, the research thus far does not provide conclusive evidence that hydroxycitrate effectively promotes weight loss, either through metabolic processes or by inducing satiety. More research is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of HCA-containing products.
For more information about HCA, please visit Natural Standard's Foods, Herbs & Supplements database.
References
1.Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. www.naturalstandard.com
2.An herbal weight-loss drug fails in rigorous testing. Harv Heart Lett. 1999 Mar;9(7):6. View Abstract
3.Asghar M, Monjok E, Kouamou G, et al. Super CitriMax (HCA-SX) attenuates increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and body weight in developing obese Zucker rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 Oct;304(1-2):93-9. View Abstract
4.Badmaev V, Majeed M, Conte AA. Garcinia cambogia for weight loss. JAMA. 1999 Jul 21;282(3):233-4; author reply 235. View Abstract
5.Behne D, Kyriakopoulos A, Gessner H, et al. Sex-related effects of zinc deficiency on the selenium metabolism in rats. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis. 1992 Mar;6(1):21-5. View Abstract
6.Brandt K, Langhans W, Geary N, Leonhardt M. Beneficial and deleterious effects of hydroxycitrate in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Nutrition. 2006 Sep;22(9):905-12. View Abstract
7.Burdock G, Soni M, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Garcinia cambogia toxicity is misleading. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Nov;43(11):1683-4; author reply 1685-6. No abstract available. Erratum in: Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Mar;45(3):515. View Abstract
8.Firenzuoli F, Gori L. Garcinia cambogia for weight loss. JAMA. 1999 Jul 21;282(3):234; author reply 235. View Abstract
9.Fukuoka M, Kobayashi T, Hayakawa T. Mechanism of testicular atrophy induced by di-n-butyl phthalate in rats. Part 5. Testicular iron depletion and levels of ferritin, haemoglobin and transferrin in the bone marrow, liver and spleen. J Appl Toxicol. 1995 Sep-Oct;15(5):379-86. View Abstract
10.Hayamizu K, Hirakawa H, Oikawa D, et al. Effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum leptin and insulin in mice. Fitoterapia. 2003 Apr;74(3):267-73. View Abstract
11.Heymsfield SB, Aronne LJ, Blackburn GL. HCA efficiency. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 Nov;6(6):458-9; author reply 460-1. View Abstract
12.Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Vasselli JR, et al. Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998 Nov 11;280(18):1596-600. View Abstract
13.Ishihara K, Oyaizu S, Onuki K, et al. Chronic (-)-hydroxycitrate administration spares carbohydrate utilization and promotes lipid oxidation during exercise in mice. J Nutr. 2000 Dec;130(12):2990-5. View Abstract
14.Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Saris WH. The effects of 2-week ingestion of (--)-hydroxycitrate and (--)-hydroxycitrate combined with medium-chain triglycerides on satiety, fat oxidation, energy expenditure and body weight. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001a Jul;25(7):1087-94. View Abstract
15.Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, de Vries M, et al. Effects of 2-week ingestion of (-)-hydroxycitrate and (-)-hydroxycitrate combined with medium-chain triglycerides on satiety and food intake. Physiol Behav. 2001b Nov-Dec;74(4-5):543-9. View Abstract
16.Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate on net fat synthesis as de novo lipogenesis. Physiol Behav. 2006 Jul 30;88(4-5):371-81. View Abstract
17.Kriketos AD, Thompson HR, Greene H, Hill JO. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid does not affect energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in adult males in a post-absorptive state. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999 Aug;23(8):867-73. View Abstract
18.Lee KH, Lee BM. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) isolated from Garcinia cambogia. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Mar 1;70(5):388-92. View Abstract
19.Leonhardt M, Balkan B, Langhans W. Effect of hydroxycitrate on respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance in male rats after a period of restrictive feeding. Nutrition. 2004 Oct;20(10):911-5. View Abstract
20.Leonhardt M, Langhans W. Hydroxycitrate has long-term effects on feeding behavior, body weight regain and metabolism after body weight loss in male rats. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1977-82. View Abstract
21.Leonhardt M, Hrupka B, Langhans W. Effect of hydroxycitrate on food intake and body weight regain after a period of restrictive feeding in male rats. Physiol Behav. 2001 Sep 1-15;74(1-2):191-6. View Abstract
22.Lim K, Ryu S, Nho HS, et al. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid ingestion increases fat utilization during exercise in untrained women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2003 Jun;49(3):163-7. View Abstract
23.Lim K, Ryu S, Ohishi Y, et al. Short-term (-)-hydroxycitrate ingestion increases fat oxidation during exercise in athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2002 Apr;48(2):128-33. View Abstract
24.Mattes RD, Bormann L. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variables. Physiol Behav. 2000 Oct 1-15;71(1-2):87-94. View Abstract
25.Ohia SE, Opere CA, LeDay AM, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Stohs SJ. Safety and mechanism of appetite suppression by a novel hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX). Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Sep;238(1-2):89-103. View Abstract
26.Ohia SE, Awe SO, LeDay AM, et al. Effect of hydroxycitric acid on serotonin release from isolated rat brain cortex. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2001 Mar-Apr;109(3-4):210-6. View Abstract
27.Onakpoya I, Hung SK, Perry R, Wider B, Ernst E. The Use of Garcinia Extract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a Weight loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. J Obes. 2011;2011:509038. View Abstract
28.Preuss HG, Garis RI, Bramble JD, et al. Efficacy of a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid in weight control. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 2005;25(3):133-44. View Abstract
29.Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, et al. Effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 May;6(3):171-80. View Abstract
30.Preuss HG, Rao CV, Garis R, et al. An overview of the safety and efficacy of a novel, natural(-)-hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX) for weight management. J Med. 2004;35(1-6):33-48. View Abstract
31.Roy S, Shah H, Rink C, et al. Transcriptome of primary adipocytes from obese women in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement. DNA Cell Biol. 2007 Sep;26(9):627-39. View Abstract
32.Roy S, Rink C, Khanna S, et al. Body weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement. Gene Expr. 2004;11(5-6):251-62. View Abstract
33.Saito M, Ueno M, Ogino S, et al. High dose of Garcinia cambogia is effective in suppressing fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese rats, but highly toxic to the testis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Mar;43(3):411-9. View Abstract
34.Schaller JL. Garcinia cambogia for weight loss. JAMA. 1999 Jul 21;282(3):234; author reply 235. View Abstract
35.Shara M, Ohia SE, Schmidt RE, et al. Physico-chemical properties of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract and its effect on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 May;260(1-2):171-86. View Abstract
36.Shara M, Ohia SE, Yasmin T, et al. Dose- and time-dependent effects of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and histopathological data over a period of 90 days. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Dec;254(1-2):339-46. View Abstract
37.Soni MG, Burdock GA, Preuss HG, et al. Safety assessment of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax, a novel calcium/potassium salt. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Sep;42(9):1513-29. View Abstract
38.Talpur N, Echard BW, Yasmin T, et al. Effects of niacin-bound chromium, Maitake mushroom fraction SX and (-)-hydroxycitric acid on the metabolic syndrome in aged diabetic Zucker fatty rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Oct;252(1-2):369-77. View Abstract
39.Thom E. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a new weight-reducing agent of natural origin. J Int Med Res. 2000 Sep-Oct;28(5):229-33. View Abstract
40.Tomita K, Okuhara Y, Shigematsu N, et al. (-)-hydroxycitrate ingestion increases fat oxidation during moderate intensity exercise in untrained men. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003 Sep;67(9):1999-2001. View Abstract
41.van Loon LJ, van Rooijen JJ, Niesen B, et al. Effects of acute (-)-hydroxycitrate supplementation on substrate metabolism at rest and during exercise in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Dec;72(6):1445-50. View Abstract
42.Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Kovacs EM. The effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on energy intake and satiety in overweight humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Jun;26(6):870-2. View Abstract
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Hydroxycitrate is a generic name for any salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which occurs naturally in fruits from the genus Garcinia. HCA is found in particularly high concentrations in Garcinia cambogia, commonly called brindleberry or Malabar tamarind.
Hydroxycitrate is the active ingredient in a number of over-the-counter weight-loss products. Among the many dietary supplements that are advertised to aid in weight management, hydroxycitrate is distinguished by the large body of research examining its effectiveness, safety and mechanism of action. However, hydroxycitrate is also distinguishable by the conflicting and inconsistent nature of the studies, and by the controversy generated by these studies.
HCA is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP citrate lyase, which has a major role in synthesizing fatty acids in the body. HCA is also believed to reduce malonyl-CoA concentrations, leading to increased fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, it is believed that HCA promotes weight loss by interfering with fatty acid synthesis, promoting fat oxidation and reducing appetite.
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis showed a small but statistically significant weight-loss effect of HCA compared to placebo. However, gastrointestinal adverse effects were also twice as common in subjects taking HCA than in those taking placebo.
Several animal and human studies have supported the effectiveness of HCA for weight loss. Of these, the vast majority were funded or conducted by pharmaceutical companies, with one or more authors affiliated with a major supplier of HCA-based products.
Other studies have shown no effects of HCA on weight loss parameters (such as body weight reduction, blood/serum profiles, or satiety). One study, conducted at Columbia University and published in 1998 in the leading medical publication Journal of the American Medical Association, is considered to be strong evidence against the effectiveness of hydroxycitrate or HCA for weight loss.
However, proponents of HCA say that the high-fiber, low-calorie diet that was used in this study may have prevented the anti-obesity effects of hydroxycitrate.
Animal studies have shown that HCA may have toxic effects, such as testicular shrinkage and toxicity. However, the HCA used some of these studies reportedly contained large amounts of HCA lactone. In the free acid or lactone forms, HCA can potentially cause have negative effects on testicular development by chelating zinc, which can lead to zinc deficiency. Many commercial HCA products contain fully reacted calcium or potassium salts of HCA, so should have little or no free HCA acid or HCA lactone. Hydroxycitrate has been determined to be safe in several studies, and has been determined to be GRAS by an independent team of experts for use as a flavoring agent. Acidic conditions may promote lactone formation, even of fully reacted acid salts. Therefore, it should be cautioned that free HCA acid or HCA lactone may accumulate over time in acidic products.
Taken together, the research thus far does not provide conclusive evidence that hydroxycitrate effectively promotes weight loss, either through metabolic processes or by inducing satiety. More research is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of HCA-containing products.
For more information about HCA, please visit Natural Standard's Foods, Herbs & Supplements database.
References
1.Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. www.naturalstandard.com
2.An herbal weight-loss drug fails in rigorous testing. Harv Heart Lett. 1999 Mar;9(7):6. View Abstract
3.Asghar M, Monjok E, Kouamou G, et al. Super CitriMax (HCA-SX) attenuates increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and body weight in developing obese Zucker rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 Oct;304(1-2):93-9. View Abstract
4.Badmaev V, Majeed M, Conte AA. Garcinia cambogia for weight loss. JAMA. 1999 Jul 21;282(3):233-4; author reply 235. View Abstract
5.Behne D, Kyriakopoulos A, Gessner H, et al. Sex-related effects of zinc deficiency on the selenium metabolism in rats. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis. 1992 Mar;6(1):21-5. View Abstract
6.Brandt K, Langhans W, Geary N, Leonhardt M. Beneficial and deleterious effects of hydroxycitrate in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Nutrition. 2006 Sep;22(9):905-12. View Abstract
7.Burdock G, Soni M, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Garcinia cambogia toxicity is misleading. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Nov;43(11):1683-4; author reply 1685-6. No abstract available. Erratum in: Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Mar;45(3):515. View Abstract
8.Firenzuoli F, Gori L. Garcinia cambogia for weight loss. JAMA. 1999 Jul 21;282(3):234; author reply 235. View Abstract
9.Fukuoka M, Kobayashi T, Hayakawa T. Mechanism of testicular atrophy induced by di-n-butyl phthalate in rats. Part 5. Testicular iron depletion and levels of ferritin, haemoglobin and transferrin in the bone marrow, liver and spleen. J Appl Toxicol. 1995 Sep-Oct;15(5):379-86. View Abstract
10.Hayamizu K, Hirakawa H, Oikawa D, et al. Effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum leptin and insulin in mice. Fitoterapia. 2003 Apr;74(3):267-73. View Abstract
11.Heymsfield SB, Aronne LJ, Blackburn GL. HCA efficiency. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 Nov;6(6):458-9; author reply 460-1. View Abstract
12.Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Vasselli JR, et al. Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998 Nov 11;280(18):1596-600. View Abstract
13.Ishihara K, Oyaizu S, Onuki K, et al. Chronic (-)-hydroxycitrate administration spares carbohydrate utilization and promotes lipid oxidation during exercise in mice. J Nutr. 2000 Dec;130(12):2990-5. View Abstract
14.Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Saris WH. The effects of 2-week ingestion of (--)-hydroxycitrate and (--)-hydroxycitrate combined with medium-chain triglycerides on satiety, fat oxidation, energy expenditure and body weight. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001a Jul;25(7):1087-94. View Abstract
15.Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, de Vries M, et al. Effects of 2-week ingestion of (-)-hydroxycitrate and (-)-hydroxycitrate combined with medium-chain triglycerides on satiety and food intake. Physiol Behav. 2001b Nov-Dec;74(4-5):543-9. View Abstract
16.Kovacs EM, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate on net fat synthesis as de novo lipogenesis. Physiol Behav. 2006 Jul 30;88(4-5):371-81. View Abstract
17.Kriketos AD, Thompson HR, Greene H, Hill JO. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid does not affect energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in adult males in a post-absorptive state. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999 Aug;23(8):867-73. View Abstract
18.Lee KH, Lee BM. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) isolated from Garcinia cambogia. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Mar 1;70(5):388-92. View Abstract
19.Leonhardt M, Balkan B, Langhans W. Effect of hydroxycitrate on respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance in male rats after a period of restrictive feeding. Nutrition. 2004 Oct;20(10):911-5. View Abstract
20.Leonhardt M, Langhans W. Hydroxycitrate has long-term effects on feeding behavior, body weight regain and metabolism after body weight loss in male rats. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1977-82. View Abstract
21.Leonhardt M, Hrupka B, Langhans W. Effect of hydroxycitrate on food intake and body weight regain after a period of restrictive feeding in male rats. Physiol Behav. 2001 Sep 1-15;74(1-2):191-6. View Abstract
22.Lim K, Ryu S, Nho HS, et al. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid ingestion increases fat utilization during exercise in untrained women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2003 Jun;49(3):163-7. View Abstract
23.Lim K, Ryu S, Ohishi Y, et al. Short-term (-)-hydroxycitrate ingestion increases fat oxidation during exercise in athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2002 Apr;48(2):128-33. View Abstract
24.Mattes RD, Bormann L. Effects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variables. Physiol Behav. 2000 Oct 1-15;71(1-2):87-94. View Abstract
25.Ohia SE, Opere CA, LeDay AM, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Stohs SJ. Safety and mechanism of appetite suppression by a novel hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX). Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Sep;238(1-2):89-103. View Abstract
26.Ohia SE, Awe SO, LeDay AM, et al. Effect of hydroxycitric acid on serotonin release from isolated rat brain cortex. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 2001 Mar-Apr;109(3-4):210-6. View Abstract
27.Onakpoya I, Hung SK, Perry R, Wider B, Ernst E. The Use of Garcinia Extract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a Weight loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. J Obes. 2011;2011:509038. View Abstract
28.Preuss HG, Garis RI, Bramble JD, et al. Efficacy of a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid in weight control. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 2005;25(3):133-44. View Abstract
29.Preuss HG, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, et al. Effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 May;6(3):171-80. View Abstract
30.Preuss HG, Rao CV, Garis R, et al. An overview of the safety and efficacy of a novel, natural(-)-hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX) for weight management. J Med. 2004;35(1-6):33-48. View Abstract
31.Roy S, Shah H, Rink C, et al. Transcriptome of primary adipocytes from obese women in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement. DNA Cell Biol. 2007 Sep;26(9):627-39. View Abstract
32.Roy S, Rink C, Khanna S, et al. Body weight and abdominal fat gene expression profile in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement. Gene Expr. 2004;11(5-6):251-62. View Abstract
33.Saito M, Ueno M, Ogino S, et al. High dose of Garcinia cambogia is effective in suppressing fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese rats, but highly toxic to the testis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Mar;43(3):411-9. View Abstract
34.Schaller JL. Garcinia cambogia for weight loss. JAMA. 1999 Jul 21;282(3):234; author reply 235. View Abstract
35.Shara M, Ohia SE, Schmidt RE, et al. Physico-chemical properties of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract and its effect on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 May;260(1-2):171-86. View Abstract
36.Shara M, Ohia SE, Yasmin T, et al. Dose- and time-dependent effects of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and histopathological data over a period of 90 days. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Dec;254(1-2):339-46. View Abstract
37.Soni MG, Burdock GA, Preuss HG, et al. Safety assessment of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax, a novel calcium/potassium salt. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Sep;42(9):1513-29. View Abstract
38.Talpur N, Echard BW, Yasmin T, et al. Effects of niacin-bound chromium, Maitake mushroom fraction SX and (-)-hydroxycitric acid on the metabolic syndrome in aged diabetic Zucker fatty rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Oct;252(1-2):369-77. View Abstract
39.Thom E. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a new weight-reducing agent of natural origin. J Int Med Res. 2000 Sep-Oct;28(5):229-33. View Abstract
40.Tomita K, Okuhara Y, Shigematsu N, et al. (-)-hydroxycitrate ingestion increases fat oxidation during moderate intensity exercise in untrained men. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003 Sep;67(9):1999-2001. View Abstract
41.van Loon LJ, van Rooijen JJ, Niesen B, et al. Effects of acute (-)-hydroxycitrate supplementation on substrate metabolism at rest and during exercise in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Dec;72(6):1445-50. View Abstract
42.Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Kovacs EM. The effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate on energy intake and satiety in overweight humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Jun;26(6):870-2. View Abstract
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Tuesday, March 29, 2011
World of Wireless
US Business Non-Handset Wireless Spending to Surpass $5 Billion by 2014
The numbers and types of 3G and 4G devices other than mobile handsets such as tablets, notebooks, and e-readers that are required by US business is becoming a larger portion of the overall business wireless spend. New In-Stat (www.in-stat.com) research forecasts that spending on non-handset 3G and 4G services will exceed $5 billion by 2014.
“As businesses become more mobile and as wireless connections become more ubiquitous, it is inevitable that new technology will be employed by business in an effort to raise productivity,” says Greg Potter, Research Analyst. “It is no surprise to see this category of spending grow and it will become an even larger portion of wireless spending moving forward.”
http://www.instat.com/press.asp?ID=3073&sku=IN1005019BTSF
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The numbers and types of 3G and 4G devices other than mobile handsets such as tablets, notebooks, and e-readers that are required by US business is becoming a larger portion of the overall business wireless spend. New In-Stat (www.in-stat.com) research forecasts that spending on non-handset 3G and 4G services will exceed $5 billion by 2014.
“As businesses become more mobile and as wireless connections become more ubiquitous, it is inevitable that new technology will be employed by business in an effort to raise productivity,” says Greg Potter, Research Analyst. “It is no surprise to see this category of spending grow and it will become an even larger portion of wireless spending moving forward.”
http://www.instat.com/press.asp?ID=3073&sku=IN1005019BTSF
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03.29.11
In religion and politics, people's beliefs and convictions are in almost every case gotten at second hand, and without examination.
Mark Twain
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Mark Twain
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Taking Care of Your Joints
Continued from Yesterday
Remedies: Beyond the Big Three
Look beyond the trinity of proven cartilage rescuers—ASU, chondroitin, and glucosamine—and dozens of other arthritis supplements vie for the public’s eye. Here’s the lowdown on three other popular remedies.
SAMe: On the supplement circuit since 1999, SAMe is a promising up-and-comer. Numerous well-designed studies show that SAMe can soothe osteoarthritis pain and swelling as well as over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can, but it won’t cause stomach trouble. At an average daily cost of $1.45, SAMe is pricier than most other osteoarthritis supplements, but if less expensive remedies don’t pan out, it’s certainly worth a shot.
Fish Oil: When it comes to omega-3 fatty acids, nature’s numero uno anti-inflammatory, no supplement serves up more than fish oil capsules. Studies have shown they’re mostly effective for rheumatoid arthritis sufferers, whose stubborn symptoms are often beyond the reach of other supplements. But many practitioners recommend them for osteoarthritis just the same.
MSM: Search the Internet or browse a bookstore and you’ll see plenty of testimonials for MSM, an organic sulfur compound found in both plants and animals. But look for science and you’ll come up empty-handed. “There’s not a single well-designed human study to support it,” says Jason Theodosakis, author of The Arthritis Cure. Nothing’s to say it won’t eventually pan out as a useful way to treat arthritis, but for now it may make more sense to stick with the proven remedies.
http://www.naturalsolutionsmag.com/article-display/9447/subTopicID/181/The-Best-Way-to-Juice-Your-Joints#
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http://back2basicnutrition.com/
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Remedies: Beyond the Big Three
Look beyond the trinity of proven cartilage rescuers—ASU, chondroitin, and glucosamine—and dozens of other arthritis supplements vie for the public’s eye. Here’s the lowdown on three other popular remedies.
SAMe: On the supplement circuit since 1999, SAMe is a promising up-and-comer. Numerous well-designed studies show that SAMe can soothe osteoarthritis pain and swelling as well as over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can, but it won’t cause stomach trouble. At an average daily cost of $1.45, SAMe is pricier than most other osteoarthritis supplements, but if less expensive remedies don’t pan out, it’s certainly worth a shot.
Fish Oil: When it comes to omega-3 fatty acids, nature’s numero uno anti-inflammatory, no supplement serves up more than fish oil capsules. Studies have shown they’re mostly effective for rheumatoid arthritis sufferers, whose stubborn symptoms are often beyond the reach of other supplements. But many practitioners recommend them for osteoarthritis just the same.
MSM: Search the Internet or browse a bookstore and you’ll see plenty of testimonials for MSM, an organic sulfur compound found in both plants and animals. But look for science and you’ll come up empty-handed. “There’s not a single well-designed human study to support it,” says Jason Theodosakis, author of The Arthritis Cure. Nothing’s to say it won’t eventually pan out as a useful way to treat arthritis, but for now it may make more sense to stick with the proven remedies.
http://www.naturalsolutionsmag.com/article-display/9447/subTopicID/181/The-Best-Way-to-Juice-Your-Joints#
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Biomarkers Predict Diabetes
Like me, you may be drawn to new technologies surrounding diabetes diagnosis and management. Consequently, this Massachusetts General Hospital study involving the early recognition of Type 2 Diabetes on the basis of biomarkers is fascinating.
Basically, the study authors performed ”metabolomics” on data from 2,422 individuals, which means, they profiled their metabolic status from blood samples and did so over a 12 year period.
Ten percent of the studied population developed diabetes.
The investigation found that specific amino acids were correlated with the future onset of diabetes. These included isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine and phenylalanine. The combined level of three of these were able to identify individual with a five-fold risk of diabetes.
The results underscore that diabetes is not simply a disease about high blood sugar but involves a number of factors which includes amino acid metabolism.
I would suppose that the findings could be very useful is identifying those at risk for developing diabetes so that preventative action could be taken. However, I wonder if this information might be redundant or complimentary with more obvious diabetes predicators, such as obesity.
http://www.diabetologica.com/2011/03/biomarkers-predict-diabetes-new-study/
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Lipitor increases the risk of Type 2 Diabetes?
A study appearing in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology suggests that high doses of Lipitor may be linked to an increased risk in developing Type 2 Diabetes:
We used a standard definition of diabetes and excluded patients with prevalent diabetes at baseline. We identified baseline predictors of new-onset T2DM and compared the event rates in patients with and without new-onset T2DM.
High-dose atorvastatin treatment compared with placebo in the SPARCL trial is associated with a slightly increased risk of new-onset T2DM. Baseline fasting glucose level and features of the metabolic syndrome are predictive of new-onset T2DM across the 3 trials.
Of course, this is not the first study that has suggested this type of connection. However, consider …
But it also suggests that the risk may largely exist among people who also have the well-known risk factors for type 2 diabetes — including excess weight, high blood sugar, elevated triglycerides (a type of blood fat) and high blood pressure.
Those four factors appear “very good at distinguishing people at high or low risk for developing new-onset diabetes with atorvastatin,” lead researcher Dr. David D. Waters, of the University of California at San Francisco, told Reuters Health in an email.
So managing those risk factors — by shedding excess pounds, for example — would be important for curbing any extra diabetes risk, Waters said.
He also stressed that the diabetes risk tied to statins is small.
“An important point,” Waters said, “is that the risk of developing new-onset diabetes and its complications (is) greatly outweighed by the benefit of statins in reducing cardiac death, heart attack and stroke.” In other words, Waters claims that the risk of diabetes is less than the risk of cardiac or stroke events if Lipitor is not used.
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Diabetes
A new study suggests that R-alpha lipoic acid (R-ALA) supplementation may be beneficial in some patients with types 2 diabetes.
Many earlier studies have shown that ALA may improve blood sugar levels among patients with type 2 diabetes. In the study, 20 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive either 200 milligrams of R-ALA three times daily (30 minutes before meals) or placebo for 91 days. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which indicate how well diabetes is being controlled, were measured at the beginning and end of the study.
Some individuals experienced reductions in HbA1c and were able to reduce their antidiabetic medications.
However, in general, HbA1c levels were similar between both groups. However, this study is limited by its small sample sizes and short duration.
Additional research is needed to understand how R-ALA may affect diabetes.
For more information about alpha-lipoic acid, please visit Natural Standard's Foods, Herbs & Supplements database.
References
1.Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. http://www.naturalstandard.com/
2.Wong EL, Sung RY, Leung TF, et al. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Herbal Therapy for Children with Asthma. J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Oct 12. View Abstract
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Many earlier studies have shown that ALA may improve blood sugar levels among patients with type 2 diabetes. In the study, 20 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive either 200 milligrams of R-ALA three times daily (30 minutes before meals) or placebo for 91 days. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which indicate how well diabetes is being controlled, were measured at the beginning and end of the study.
Some individuals experienced reductions in HbA1c and were able to reduce their antidiabetic medications.
However, in general, HbA1c levels were similar between both groups. However, this study is limited by its small sample sizes and short duration.
Additional research is needed to understand how R-ALA may affect diabetes.
For more information about alpha-lipoic acid, please visit Natural Standard's Foods, Herbs & Supplements database.
References
1.Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. http://www.naturalstandard.com/
2.Wong EL, Sung RY, Leung TF, et al. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Herbal Therapy for Children with Asthma. J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Oct 12. View Abstract
http://naturalstandard.com/news/news20091022.asp
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Monday, March 28, 2011
World of Mobile Health
Has Epocrates’ success turned investors on to mobile health?
Last month Epocrates, which offers one of the most popular medical apps for healthcare professionals, raised about $86 million in an initial public offering. Its stock rose 38 percent in its first day of trading. The success of Epocrates and its large user base of US healthcare professionals — 45 percent of all practicing physicians in the country use Epocrates’ products — has helped convince investors that mobile apps for the healthcare field may be “the next big investment trend,” according to a report in the Venture Capital Journal (VCJ). “The stars are beginning to align in favor of new companies” Bijan Salehizadeh, general partner at Highland Capital Partners, told VCJ.
“It is an extremely robust time for mobile health from a business perspective.” Salehizadeh told the magazine that healthcare IT for mobile devices is one of the fastest growing categories in venture investing today. We noticed a slight uptick in investments during 2010 with investors pumping a total of $233 million into companies working in mobile health. That figure included announced deals and those disclosed to the SEC — there are likely many more undisclosed deals, too. In 2009 we tracked 15 investment deals. In 2011 we have already tracked more than $60 million in funding announcements this quarter.
http://mobihealthnews.com/10571/has-epocrates-success-turned-investors-on-to-mobile-health/
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03.28.11
It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt.
Mark Twain
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Mark Twain
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The Best Way to Juice Your Joints
Continued from Yesterday
Chondroitin & Glucosamine Combo
The question of whether or not these two powerhouses fly better as a team or solo is still up in the air. Thus far, results from animal studies look promising for the combo, but human trials are lacking. Still, many experts suggest taking them together, if only for convenience’s sake. Dosage: Follow directions for solo supplements or consider a single pill that packs a combination of the two. Side effects: Same as with single-ingredient supplements.
Tip: Both glucosamine and chondroitin are difficult to work with and expensive to manufacture. To lower the price of the supplements, some companies use low-grade materials or bulk up the pill with superfluous ingredients. “I wouldn’t use 90 percent of the products on the market,” says Theodosakis. So, what’s left?
Theodosakis’s picks: CosaminDS, Triple Flex, and Osteo-Bi-Flex. a Catherine Guthrie is a contributing editor. She also wrote “Overcoming Pain” (page 84) in this issue.
Continued Tomorrow
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Chondroitin & Glucosamine Combo
The question of whether or not these two powerhouses fly better as a team or solo is still up in the air. Thus far, results from animal studies look promising for the combo, but human trials are lacking. Still, many experts suggest taking them together, if only for convenience’s sake. Dosage: Follow directions for solo supplements or consider a single pill that packs a combination of the two. Side effects: Same as with single-ingredient supplements.
Tip: Both glucosamine and chondroitin are difficult to work with and expensive to manufacture. To lower the price of the supplements, some companies use low-grade materials or bulk up the pill with superfluous ingredients. “I wouldn’t use 90 percent of the products on the market,” says Theodosakis. So, what’s left?
Theodosakis’s picks: CosaminDS, Triple Flex, and Osteo-Bi-Flex. a Catherine Guthrie is a contributing editor. She also wrote “Overcoming Pain” (page 84) in this issue.
Continued Tomorrow
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What are the Top Health Supplements?
Vitamin D
Vitamin D’s benefits for bone health, immunity and even preventing cancer are becoming better known, but our experts say that this nutrient is also crucial for a healthy heart. “Vitamin D is one of the most frequently deficient yet physiologically important nutrients for cardiovascular health,” Pizzorno says. He points to analysis published in the American Journal of Cardiology in October 2010 that linked the widespread vitamin D deficiency in the U.S. to heightened prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and other conditions. In 2009, researchers at Salt Lake City’s Heart Institute at Intermountain Medical Center found that of almost 28,000 adults over age 50 with no history of cardiovascular disease, those with very low vitamin D levels were 77 percent more likely to die, 45 percent more likely to develop coronary artery disease, 78 percent more likely to have a stroke and twice as likely to develop heart failure than patients with normal vitamin D levels.
How it works: Too little vitamin D can increase the risk of calcium buildup in the arteries, which leads to atherosclerosis and potentially a heart attack or stroke. The vitamin can also counter the body’s renin-angiotensin system, which constricts blood vessels when blood volume dips, raising blood pressure. Although the current dietary reference intake is 600 IU per day, many experts now recommend 1,000 to 2,000 IU, especially in winter months when few people get adequate D from the sun.
Take note: Vegetarians, dark-skinned people and those with liver or kidney disease are more likely to be vitamin D deficient.
Continued Tomorrow
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Vitamin D’s benefits for bone health, immunity and even preventing cancer are becoming better known, but our experts say that this nutrient is also crucial for a healthy heart. “Vitamin D is one of the most frequently deficient yet physiologically important nutrients for cardiovascular health,” Pizzorno says. He points to analysis published in the American Journal of Cardiology in October 2010 that linked the widespread vitamin D deficiency in the U.S. to heightened prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and other conditions. In 2009, researchers at Salt Lake City’s Heart Institute at Intermountain Medical Center found that of almost 28,000 adults over age 50 with no history of cardiovascular disease, those with very low vitamin D levels were 77 percent more likely to die, 45 percent more likely to develop coronary artery disease, 78 percent more likely to have a stroke and twice as likely to develop heart failure than patients with normal vitamin D levels.
How it works: Too little vitamin D can increase the risk of calcium buildup in the arteries, which leads to atherosclerosis and potentially a heart attack or stroke. The vitamin can also counter the body’s renin-angiotensin system, which constricts blood vessels when blood volume dips, raising blood pressure. Although the current dietary reference intake is 600 IU per day, many experts now recommend 1,000 to 2,000 IU, especially in winter months when few people get adequate D from the sun.
Take note: Vegetarians, dark-skinned people and those with liver or kidney disease are more likely to be vitamin D deficient.
Continued Tomorrow
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Importance of Healthy Bones
14 Facts About Healthy Bones
It's easy to take bones for granted and ignore them until you break one or are diagnosed with bone-thinning in old age.
In fact, you may not really consider your bones a resource that needs lifelong protection and nurturing.
But guess what? There are a few surprises lurking inside your bones, and youthful habits can even affect bones in old age. Read on to find out more about this living -- yes, they're alive! -- tissue.
Bone loss can strike anywhere in the body, and the jaw is not immune.If the jawbone deteriorates or loses density, the result may be loose (or lost) teeth, receding gums, or ill-fitting dentures.
Dentists can pick up on osteoporosis by checking your regular dental X-rays and watching for related health problems, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
Your Dentist Could Diagnose You
Continued Tomorrow
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Sunday, March 27, 2011
03.27.11
Let us so live that when we come to die even the undertaker will be sorry. Mark Twain http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Mark_Twain/31 http://www.depsyl.com/ http://back2basicnutrition.com/ http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
The World of Mobile
Mobile payments—the ability to make payments using a mobile handset—is an emerging opportunity. While it's already a success in certain countries and with fringe audiences, mobile payments have not yet achieved success on a global scale. However, it is anticipated that this will begin to change in 2011 as the number of mobile payment users starts a significant run up from 116 million to over 375 million in 2015, says In-Stat (www.in-stat.com). “There appears to be consumer demand for mobile payments,” says Amy Cravens, Market Analyst. “Consumers do recognize pain points with current payment systems and indicate support for a cleaner, easier alternative. If mobile operators are able to push beyond the infrastructural challenges and introduce these services to the mass market, the transactional value of the mobile payments market is positioned to grow nearly tenfold over the next several years.” Recent research findings identifies the market's preparedness including: • Significant smartphone penetration. • Consumer comfort level with purchasing goods with their phone through existing channels . • A desire among mobile operators to develop opportunities to generate revenue from mobile based commerce. • Infrastructural developments supporting contactless payments, including NFC-enabled mobile phones and point-of-sale (POS) terminals. http://www.instat.com/press.asp?ID=3069&sku=IN1105000SI http://www.depsyl.com/ http://back2basicnutrition.com/ http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
The Best Way to Juice Your Joints
Continued from Yesterday Chondroitin You can thank chondroitin sulfate for the bounce in your step; it’s a chain of repeating molecules that add elasticity to cartilage. Derived from animal cartilage (such as cow, shark, and pig parts), supplemental chondroitin is believed to increase collagen’s ability to absorb shock. Chondroitin also juices joints and disarms enzymes that destroy cartilage. Although it’s less thoroughly studied than glucosamine, several well-designed trials have indicated that chondroitin sulfate can ease pain and increase mobility in arthritic joints. Dosage: Between 800 and 1,200 mg a day in capsule, tablet, or powder form. For best results, divide the dose over three meals. Remember that chondroitin takes up to four months to work completely, so you’ll need to cultivate patience. Side effects: Stomach pain, diarrhea, and constipation. Chondroitin also has blood-thinning properties, so if you regularly take blood thinners, such as aspirin or heparin, consult with your physician before adding chondroitin to the mix. Tip: When buying chondroitin, make sure you’re getting the real deal. “Chondroitin is ten times more expensive than glucosamine,” says Tod Cooperman, president of ConsumerLab.com, an independent testing lab, “so there’s a higher likelihood that the manufacturer will skimp on it or use a low-quality material.” The key is to look for products that contain only chondroitin sulfate and stay away from those that include “chondroitin complex or compound” on the label. Continued Tomorrow http://www.naturalsolutionsmag.com/article-display/9447/subTopicID/181/The-Best-Way-to-Juice-Your-Joints# http://www.depsyl.com/ http://back2basicnutrition.com/ http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com
What are the Top Health Supplements?
More heart health supplements Coenzyme Q10 This antioxidant occurs naturally in cell mitochondria and makes the key molecule adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, which controls protein production and muscle contraction. People with high cholesterol and those with congestive heart failure generally have low coenzyme Q10 levels. Although statins—drugs frequently prescribed to combat high cholesterol—deplete the body’s Co-Q10 stores, supplements can restore levels and even relieve the muscle pain that statins commonly cause, according to a 2007 study published in the American Journal of Cardiology. How it works: Studies show that Co-Q10 supplements may lower blood pressure and help prevent and combat cardiovascular diseases by acting as an antioxidant and curbing blood-clot formation. Take note: “A dose of 100 to 200 mg per day is used for most cardiovascular concerns, but much higher doses may be appropriate for specific conditions,” Pizzorno says. Continued Tomorrow http://newhope360.com/supplements/15-top-supplements-heart-brain-digestive-and-womens-health http://www.depsyl.com/ http://back2basicnutrition.com/ http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Importance of Healthy Bones
14 Facts About Healthy Bones Booze Is Bad For Bones It's easy to take bones for granted and ignore them until you break one or are diagnosed with bone-thinning in old age. In fact, you may not really consider your bones a resource that needs lifelong protection and nurturing. But guess what? There are a few surprises lurking inside your bones, and youthful habits can even affect bones in old age. Read on to find out more about this living -- yes, they're alive! -- tissue Too much alcohol hurts your liver, brain, and other parts of your body, and alcohol can also be a big problem for bones. Heavy drinkers tend to lose bone density, and when these levels gets low enough, it's called osteopenia. This is a milder condition than osteoporosis, but alcoholism or habitual heavy drinking over time can cause calcium deficiency and the more severe bone thinning known as osteoporosis. Smoking, too, is a known risk factor for osteoporosis. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/24/bone-health-_n_839758.html#slide_image Continued Tomorrow http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/24/bone-health-_n_839758.html#s257149&title=Your_Bones_Are http://www.depsyl.com/ http://back2basicnutrition.com/ http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Saturday, March 26, 2011
What Smartphone Users Want
Smartphone Users More Concerned with Speed, Less with Cost
comScore also analyzed the reasons consumers cite for not utilizing their mobile devices for financial activities. Two major differences among smartphone users and non-smartphone users who do not perform mobile financial activities stood out. Perhaps not surprisingly, 29% of non-smartphone users stated cost as a reason for not accessing these accounts, while only 10% of smartphone users said the same thing (comScore says unlimited data plans void this concern for many smartphone users).
Conversely, 26% of smartphone users also indicated that slow connection speeds hindered their mobile financial service usage, compared to only 9% of non-smartphone-users.
Otherwise, the results indicated that preference for using a fixed online device topped the list for both smartphone and non-smartphone users at 53% and 45%, respectively. Security concerns were also rated highly as a concern among both smartphone users (33%) and non-smartphone users (30%). Demonstrating the overall strong awareness of these services, only 6% of smartphone users and 5% of non-smartphone users stated not knowing about these services as a reason why they did not access these accounts.
http://www.marketingcharts.com/direct/mobile-financial-service-users-grow-54-yoy-16747/comscore-mobile-finance-why-not-mar-2010jpg/
http://www.depsyl.com/
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The World of Mobile Health
Albert: iPad has already won healthcare tablet war
A week ago, MobiHealthNews shot down the myth that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plans to start regulating mobile medical apps. In reality, the FDA has been regulating mobile software for years.
Way back in 1997, Data Critical, a company bought by GE Healthcare in 2001, earned FDA 510(k) clearance for its RhythmStat XL software that wirelessly transmits ECG data from a heart monitor to a handheld device, in this case a Psion palmtop computer.
The inventor of RhythmStat—and founder of Data Critical—is a familiar name in mobile healthcare, Dr. David E. Albert. Most recently, Albert has been in the news for his newest creation, the iPhone ECG, which generated a lot of buzz at the Consumer Electronics Show in January.
Albert actually has been thinking about marrying a single-lead ECG to a mobile device since the time of RhythmStat. “The idea is 13-14 years old,” he tells MobiHealthNews. “Quite frankly, we could not implement it because the technology didn’t exist in the 1990s.”
The advent of the iPhone in 2007, which caused an explosion in mobile app development, changed that, in a perfect example of Moore’s Law. “People take for granted what we have today,” Albert says. “The iPhone is more powerful than the computer you had in 2000.”
Technically, Albert and his Oklahoma City-based company, AliveCor, can’t implement the iPhone ECG commercially just yet because the product doesn’t have regulatory approval. AliveCor is seeking FDA clearance in the U.S. and a CE mark so the company can sell the device in Europe, and Albert expects the iPhone ECG to be available globally no later than the third quarter.
Already, some other versions are under development. MobiHealthNews reported in January that the system should be compatible with Android smartphones, pending regulatory clearance for each model. A glance at the AliveCor website hints at iPad compatibility as well. “We will make a credit card-sized device that will allow this to work with any tablet, any smartphone, any laptop in the future,” Albert said for the earlier story.
“Today, the case is made for the iPhone 4,” he adds in a new interview. “But next time we show the product, we’ll show the iPad.”
To call Albert bullish about the iPad would be an understatement. “I think tablets are going to become the one must-have in clinical medicine,” he says. “I see the iPad, not the smartphone, as the main clinical device.”
Albert believes Apple has already won the tablet battle among physicians. “Nobody has anything but iPads,” he says. “Game over.”
Soon, tablets will enter the realm of home monitoring of the elderly as well, Albert believes, because of the large screen and simple user interface. “Don’t expect Grandma to use a computer, don’t expect Grandma to use a smartphone and don’t expect a computer to recognize Grandma’s speech,” Albert says. But, he explains, “Grandma can push a screen button.”
In the future, expect to pay for home health monitoring on the same bill as other home monitoring services such as smoke detectors and security alarms, says Albert. (One of his other companies, Lifetone Technology, makes a bedside fire alarm.)
New Paradigm of Evidence-Based Nutrition
Continued from Yesterday
Prevention Vs. Treatment - Continued
The case of beta-carotene is an excellent example of inappropriate application of a therapeutic study design to address a prevention question. Decades ago, observational studies suggested that diets and/or serum high in beta-carotene were associated with a lower risk of certain cancers, including lung cancer. This lead to RCTs published in the mid-1990s (the famous “Finnish trials”19,20) in which lifelong smokers or asbestos workers were supplemented with high doses of antioxidants, such as beta-carotene. The results at the time were shocking: compared to placebo, supplementation with beta-carotene significantly increased the risk of lung cancer in these smokers and asbestos workers. To this day, some people misuse this example is misused to demonstrate that the results of a RCT invalidated earlier epidemiological data. Some clinicians guided by EBM conclude that beta-carotene presents a similar risk of increased lung cancer to all patients, including those who do not smoke or have asbestos exposure, and discontinued its use altogether. Indeed, in its evidence-based review system guidance document, FDA touts this example as one that justifies the EBM approach to data evaluation, stating that the results of RCTs “trump” those of observational studies.3 Ignored is the fact that the RCTs in smokers and asbestos workers asked and answered questions different from those of the earlier epidemiological studies. Assessing the effect of lifelong exposure to a modest amount of a nutrient in the context of the whole diet in a general population that is healthy at baseline is completely different from administering a high dose of a single, purified, and isolated nutrient to a very specific population (eg, lifelong smokers) that is not healthy at baseline (because lung cancer was likely well on its way). In the latter case, beta-carotene was studied as a therapeutic drug, not a nutrient. Asking the question of whether beta-carotene can behave like a drug is certainly worthwhile, sometimes necessary. But the design and interpretation of such a study should be vastly different from one that studies a nutritive effect.
A quote from a recent editorial on nutrition and cancer summarizes the well intended, but misguided, beta-carotene trials: “By analogy, when keys are missing, it is common to look for them under the lamppost where there is light rather than in the murky location where the keys were more likely dropped.”21
Continued Tomorrow
http://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/article_content.asp?article=117
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Prevention Vs. Treatment - Continued
The case of beta-carotene is an excellent example of inappropriate application of a therapeutic study design to address a prevention question. Decades ago, observational studies suggested that diets and/or serum high in beta-carotene were associated with a lower risk of certain cancers, including lung cancer. This lead to RCTs published in the mid-1990s (the famous “Finnish trials”19,20) in which lifelong smokers or asbestos workers were supplemented with high doses of antioxidants, such as beta-carotene. The results at the time were shocking: compared to placebo, supplementation with beta-carotene significantly increased the risk of lung cancer in these smokers and asbestos workers. To this day, some people misuse this example is misused to demonstrate that the results of a RCT invalidated earlier epidemiological data. Some clinicians guided by EBM conclude that beta-carotene presents a similar risk of increased lung cancer to all patients, including those who do not smoke or have asbestos exposure, and discontinued its use altogether. Indeed, in its evidence-based review system guidance document, FDA touts this example as one that justifies the EBM approach to data evaluation, stating that the results of RCTs “trump” those of observational studies.3 Ignored is the fact that the RCTs in smokers and asbestos workers asked and answered questions different from those of the earlier epidemiological studies. Assessing the effect of lifelong exposure to a modest amount of a nutrient in the context of the whole diet in a general population that is healthy at baseline is completely different from administering a high dose of a single, purified, and isolated nutrient to a very specific population (eg, lifelong smokers) that is not healthy at baseline (because lung cancer was likely well on its way). In the latter case, beta-carotene was studied as a therapeutic drug, not a nutrient. Asking the question of whether beta-carotene can behave like a drug is certainly worthwhile, sometimes necessary. But the design and interpretation of such a study should be vastly different from one that studies a nutritive effect.
A quote from a recent editorial on nutrition and cancer summarizes the well intended, but misguided, beta-carotene trials: “By analogy, when keys are missing, it is common to look for them under the lamppost where there is light rather than in the murky location where the keys were more likely dropped.”21
Continued Tomorrow
http://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/article_content.asp?article=117
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Global Trends - Mass Mingling
Continued from Yesterday
StreetSpark allows users to connect with people nearby who share their interests. The users set up profiles detailing themselves and the type of people they want to meet. When a match appears nearby, they will see a photo and some basic information. If both users signal their interest by pressing 'ignite', they can see more information about each other and chat.
Gatsby is a mobile app that introduces users to nearby people with interests that they share. To use the service, users need to have a Foursquare account and add Gatsby as a friend, tagging themselves with the interests that they have, such as cooking or yoga. Gatsby then searches for people locally and texts both users with first names and shared interests.
Dutch 'Open Coffee' is a Linkedin initiative, connecting business professionals in various Dutch cities for a weekly Friday morning coffee networking event.
In France, the "apéro géant" or massive aperitifs, with Facebook acting as an organizing tool, sees up to tens of thousands of strangers gather in an open space for a party. Some have been forbidden, as authorities are unable to hold individuals accountable for any accidents or to pay for the clean-up.
Children with diabetes face trouble
Expert: Children with diabetes face trouble
Dr. Beth Mayer-Davis is a leader in the field of childhood diabetes.
Children with diabetes are not eating as well as they should be, which is putting them at risk for serious health complications down the road.
That was one of the messages delivered Tuesday by Dr. Beth Mayer-Davis at the David H. Murdock Core Laboratory Building.
Mayer-Davis, an expert in childhood diabetes, is the national chairperson of the Search for Diabetes in Youth Study, a long-term multi-center study that is providing much-needed data on diabetes in children, with a focus on nutrition.
Mayer-Davis is a professor of nutrition in the University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health and a professor of medicine in the UNC School of Medicine. She was also recently appointed by President Obama to the Advisory Group on Prevention, Health Promotion and Integrative and Public Health, which directly supports First Lady Michelle Obama’s childhood obesity initiative.
About 100 people gathered to hear Mayer-Davis present the latest in childhood diabetes research, part of the UNC Nutrition Research Institute’s Appetite for Life Seminar Series.
Diabetes is a serious, chronic condition that affects virtually all of the body systems, Mayer-Davis said. Complications include a much higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, retinopathy (which can lead to blindness), kidney and liver disease, neuropathy and amputations.
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (which used to be called adult-onset diabetes) are on the rise, Mayer-Davis said.
Nationwide, 26 million people live with diabetes, according to the Centers for Disease Control — and another 57 million have pre-diabetes, Mayer-Davis said. That means one in five people are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes in youth — the kind that requires insulin injections — is most prevalent in Finland and Sardinia and least prevalent in Hong Kong and China.
It’s estimated that in North Carolina, 3,700 children have type 1 diabetes and 500 have type 2 diabetes.
Certain populations are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes, which is associated with obesity, underactivity and family history. These populations include African-Americans, Hispanics and Latinos, Native Americans and Asian Americans. Native Americans have the highest occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
The study has shown that the children with type 1 diabetes are overweight at the same rates as other children, or even a little higher, Mayer-Davis said.
“That’s a concern,” she said, since those with diabetes are already at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
While one might expect that these children might make better nutritional choices than other children, that is not the case, she said.
The vast majority of children with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are not getting the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables, according to the study. Ninety percent of children with diabetes are consuming too much saturated fat. High consumption of sugary drinks (one or more a day) is also a concern, since it is related to higher overall cholesterol in children with diabetes. Fructose consumption is also associated with increasing levels of triglycerides.
Certain populations are particularly at risk in terms of controlling blood sugar. More than half of Native American youth with type 1 diabetes have what is considered poor glycemic control — which means they are at risk of incidents which can lead to hospitalization.
Youth with diabetes tend to have numerous cardiovascular disease risk factors. Ninety percent of children with type 2 diabetes have metabolic syndrome — a group of conditions that occur together and increase the risk for coronary artery disease and stroke.
The youth with diabetes who are at highest risk are those who adhere poorly to dietary guidelines. Particularly at risk are minority male adolescents 15 and above. Other risk factors include a low level of parental education and low-to-middle family income and low parental involvement in diabetes management, as well as sedentary lifestyle.
Diet in children with diabetes is, then, of utmost importance. Children with diabetes, Mayer-Davis said, need to be able to match insulin to food intake, eat foods high in fiber, consume whole grain breads and cereals, get enough fresh fruits and vegetables and increase physical activity.
The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is rich in vegetables, fruits and low-fat dairy products. It is one way to address nutrition concerns.
Mayer-Davis also recommended individualized dietary counseling for children with diabetes and their families.
A new research study called FL3X, is using some high-tech communication strategies to help youth manage their diabetes, including reminders done through cell phone/web interfaces and the use of Google Calendar.
For more information about the FL3X program, go to http://type1fl3x. com
http://www.salisburypost.com/News/031711-diabetes-Mayer-Davis-on-diabetes-qcd
Dr. Beth Mayer-Davis is a leader in the field of childhood diabetes.
Children with diabetes are not eating as well as they should be, which is putting them at risk for serious health complications down the road.
That was one of the messages delivered Tuesday by Dr. Beth Mayer-Davis at the David H. Murdock Core Laboratory Building.
Mayer-Davis, an expert in childhood diabetes, is the national chairperson of the Search for Diabetes in Youth Study, a long-term multi-center study that is providing much-needed data on diabetes in children, with a focus on nutrition.
Mayer-Davis is a professor of nutrition in the University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health and a professor of medicine in the UNC School of Medicine. She was also recently appointed by President Obama to the Advisory Group on Prevention, Health Promotion and Integrative and Public Health, which directly supports First Lady Michelle Obama’s childhood obesity initiative.
About 100 people gathered to hear Mayer-Davis present the latest in childhood diabetes research, part of the UNC Nutrition Research Institute’s Appetite for Life Seminar Series.
Diabetes is a serious, chronic condition that affects virtually all of the body systems, Mayer-Davis said. Complications include a much higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, retinopathy (which can lead to blindness), kidney and liver disease, neuropathy and amputations.
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (which used to be called adult-onset diabetes) are on the rise, Mayer-Davis said.
Nationwide, 26 million people live with diabetes, according to the Centers for Disease Control — and another 57 million have pre-diabetes, Mayer-Davis said. That means one in five people are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes in youth — the kind that requires insulin injections — is most prevalent in Finland and Sardinia and least prevalent in Hong Kong and China.
It’s estimated that in North Carolina, 3,700 children have type 1 diabetes and 500 have type 2 diabetes.
Certain populations are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes, which is associated with obesity, underactivity and family history. These populations include African-Americans, Hispanics and Latinos, Native Americans and Asian Americans. Native Americans have the highest occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
The study has shown that the children with type 1 diabetes are overweight at the same rates as other children, or even a little higher, Mayer-Davis said.
“That’s a concern,” she said, since those with diabetes are already at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
While one might expect that these children might make better nutritional choices than other children, that is not the case, she said.
The vast majority of children with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are not getting the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables, according to the study. Ninety percent of children with diabetes are consuming too much saturated fat. High consumption of sugary drinks (one or more a day) is also a concern, since it is related to higher overall cholesterol in children with diabetes. Fructose consumption is also associated with increasing levels of triglycerides.
Certain populations are particularly at risk in terms of controlling blood sugar. More than half of Native American youth with type 1 diabetes have what is considered poor glycemic control — which means they are at risk of incidents which can lead to hospitalization.
Youth with diabetes tend to have numerous cardiovascular disease risk factors. Ninety percent of children with type 2 diabetes have metabolic syndrome — a group of conditions that occur together and increase the risk for coronary artery disease and stroke.
The youth with diabetes who are at highest risk are those who adhere poorly to dietary guidelines. Particularly at risk are minority male adolescents 15 and above. Other risk factors include a low level of parental education and low-to-middle family income and low parental involvement in diabetes management, as well as sedentary lifestyle.
Diet in children with diabetes is, then, of utmost importance. Children with diabetes, Mayer-Davis said, need to be able to match insulin to food intake, eat foods high in fiber, consume whole grain breads and cereals, get enough fresh fruits and vegetables and increase physical activity.
The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is rich in vegetables, fruits and low-fat dairy products. It is one way to address nutrition concerns.
Mayer-Davis also recommended individualized dietary counseling for children with diabetes and their families.
A new research study called FL3X, is using some high-tech communication strategies to help youth manage their diabetes, including reminders done through cell phone/web interfaces and the use of Google Calendar.
For more information about the FL3X program, go to http://type1fl3x. com
http://www.salisburypost.com/News/031711-diabetes-Mayer-Davis-on-diabetes-qcd
What Helps Depression?
High B-Vitamin Intake Reduces Risk of Depression in Elderly
Depression is an important metal disorder in the United States and elsewhere, and is particularly common in later life. Depression is also a key risk factor for other negative health outcomes. Therefore, a reduction in the incidence of depression is likely to have a positive health benefit. Risk factors for depression include dietary intake. In particular, a number of cross-sectional studies in different populations have shown an association between B-vitamin intake and depression. Fortitech’s custom nutrient and vitamin premixes – which can incorporate virtually any functional ingredient that can help or improve a variety of conditions – would be an additional dietary conduit for vitamin B.
A recent report by investigators in Chicago has provided important new observations that strengthen the claim that B-vitamin intake can have a salutary effect on the development of depression in elderly people. The investigators examined the relationship between B-vitamin intake (vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and folate) in non-depressed elderly subjects and the subsequent risk of developing depression over a 7.5 year follow-up period. Study subjects were participants in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), an ongoing longitudinal study of risk factors for incident Alzheimer disease and other age-related chronic conditions in community-dwelling residents 65 years and older. Thirty five hundred and three participants were available for study after initial exclusion criteria, including the absence of depression and valid food frequency questionnaires.
The Chicago investigators found that the total intake (food plus supplements) of either vitamin B-12 or vitamin B-6 was inversely associated with a small, but significant, reduced risk of incident depression. However, there was no association over time between folate intake and depressive symptoms. Each additional 10 mg of vitamin B-6 and 10 µg vitamin B-12 were associated with 2 percent lower odds of development of depressive symptoms per year in this elderly population.
From: KA Skarupski et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010;92:330-335.
http://www.fortitalk.com/consumer_segments/high-b-vitamin-intake-reduces-risk-of-depression-in-elderly/
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Depression is an important metal disorder in the United States and elsewhere, and is particularly common in later life. Depression is also a key risk factor for other negative health outcomes. Therefore, a reduction in the incidence of depression is likely to have a positive health benefit. Risk factors for depression include dietary intake. In particular, a number of cross-sectional studies in different populations have shown an association between B-vitamin intake and depression. Fortitech’s custom nutrient and vitamin premixes – which can incorporate virtually any functional ingredient that can help or improve a variety of conditions – would be an additional dietary conduit for vitamin B.
A recent report by investigators in Chicago has provided important new observations that strengthen the claim that B-vitamin intake can have a salutary effect on the development of depression in elderly people. The investigators examined the relationship between B-vitamin intake (vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and folate) in non-depressed elderly subjects and the subsequent risk of developing depression over a 7.5 year follow-up period. Study subjects were participants in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), an ongoing longitudinal study of risk factors for incident Alzheimer disease and other age-related chronic conditions in community-dwelling residents 65 years and older. Thirty five hundred and three participants were available for study after initial exclusion criteria, including the absence of depression and valid food frequency questionnaires.
The Chicago investigators found that the total intake (food plus supplements) of either vitamin B-12 or vitamin B-6 was inversely associated with a small, but significant, reduced risk of incident depression. However, there was no association over time between folate intake and depressive symptoms. Each additional 10 mg of vitamin B-6 and 10 µg vitamin B-12 were associated with 2 percent lower odds of development of depressive symptoms per year in this elderly population.
From: KA Skarupski et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010;92:330-335.
http://www.fortitalk.com/consumer_segments/high-b-vitamin-intake-reduces-risk-of-depression-in-elderly/
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
What's New with Diabetic Cake?
Sterculic Oil Could Help Fight Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
James Perfield, a University of Missouri researcher, has, found that a specific plant oil, known as sterculic oil, may be able to reduce belly fat in humans. Belly fat leads to serious medical problems, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke. Sterculic oil is extracted from seeds of the Sterculia foetida tree.
Diabetes Pharmacist
Diabetic Cake Recipes ...
http://diabeticcakerecipesnow.blogspot.com/2011/03/sterculic-oil-could-help-fight-obesity.html
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
James Perfield, a University of Missouri researcher, has, found that a specific plant oil, known as sterculic oil, may be able to reduce belly fat in humans. Belly fat leads to serious medical problems, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke. Sterculic oil is extracted from seeds of the Sterculia foetida tree.
Diabetes Pharmacist
Diabetic Cake Recipes ...
http://diabeticcakerecipesnow.blogspot.com/2011/03/sterculic-oil-could-help-fight-obesity.html
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Are You Too Stressed to Sleep?
Too Stressed to Sleep?
Continued from Yesterday
People who are experiencing chronic stress have elevated levels of adrenaline and cortisol, explained David Winston, RH (AHG), founder and president, Herbalist & Alchemist. “High levels of cortisol increase stress-induced eating, stress-induced palpitations and stress-induced hypertension, and contribute to the process of what is known as metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance," he said. “Chronic stress affects literally every aspect of our bodies and our health. While small amounts of stress are necessary and actually beneficial, chronic high levels of stress are not. We also know people who have poor-quality sleep are at greater risk of heart attack, cancer, depression, anxiety and hypertension, as well as diabetes."
And then there’s the weight issue. A 2010 study from France found men consumed 22-percent more calories after a short night of sleep with an average increase of about 560 calories per day.1 The researchers suggested people may eat more after a short night of sleep because mammals have evolved to store up calories in the summer, when nights are short and food is plentiful. Conversely, weight loss reduced obstructive sleep apnea in obese men, with the greatest effect seen in patients with severe disease, in another 2010 study that involved 63 obese men aged 30 to 65 years.2
Maybe the reason stress and lack of sleep influences so many areas of health is because it both are perceived differently by each individual. This adds another layer of complexity to addressing this issue. “People may not sleep due to a number of factors, and their individual stressors makes it more difficult to figure out which products may help them to normalize their sleep and minimize their stress," Levin said. “Matching the person to the solution is always the biggest challenge, and some trial and error may need to be factored in before a solution is found."
Mary C. Borneman, media relations manager for Hyland's Inc., added, “There is an incredible multitude of products on shelf because there’s no great solution that fits all."
Everyone gets stressed for different reasons, and the effects are displayed in myriad ways; however, one thing we all experience during chronic stress is increased adrenal function. The adrenals are small, triangular glands located on top of each kidney that secrete hormones. Cortisol, one of these hormones, controls the body’s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, and also helps the body to cope with stress by secreting adrenaline, which increases heart rate and facilitates blood flow to the muscles and brain. Overworked and tired adrenal glands may not be able to produce necessary hormones, and then fatigue, anxiety and reduced immunity set in.
Continued Tomorrow
http://www.naturalproductsmarketplace.com/articles/2011/03/too-stressed-to-sleep.aspx
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Continued from Yesterday
People who are experiencing chronic stress have elevated levels of adrenaline and cortisol, explained David Winston, RH (AHG), founder and president, Herbalist & Alchemist. “High levels of cortisol increase stress-induced eating, stress-induced palpitations and stress-induced hypertension, and contribute to the process of what is known as metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance," he said. “Chronic stress affects literally every aspect of our bodies and our health. While small amounts of stress are necessary and actually beneficial, chronic high levels of stress are not. We also know people who have poor-quality sleep are at greater risk of heart attack, cancer, depression, anxiety and hypertension, as well as diabetes."
And then there’s the weight issue. A 2010 study from France found men consumed 22-percent more calories after a short night of sleep with an average increase of about 560 calories per day.1 The researchers suggested people may eat more after a short night of sleep because mammals have evolved to store up calories in the summer, when nights are short and food is plentiful. Conversely, weight loss reduced obstructive sleep apnea in obese men, with the greatest effect seen in patients with severe disease, in another 2010 study that involved 63 obese men aged 30 to 65 years.2
Maybe the reason stress and lack of sleep influences so many areas of health is because it both are perceived differently by each individual. This adds another layer of complexity to addressing this issue. “People may not sleep due to a number of factors, and their individual stressors makes it more difficult to figure out which products may help them to normalize their sleep and minimize their stress," Levin said. “Matching the person to the solution is always the biggest challenge, and some trial and error may need to be factored in before a solution is found."
Mary C. Borneman, media relations manager for Hyland's Inc., added, “There is an incredible multitude of products on shelf because there’s no great solution that fits all."
Everyone gets stressed for different reasons, and the effects are displayed in myriad ways; however, one thing we all experience during chronic stress is increased adrenal function. The adrenals are small, triangular glands located on top of each kidney that secrete hormones. Cortisol, one of these hormones, controls the body’s use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, and also helps the body to cope with stress by secreting adrenaline, which increases heart rate and facilitates blood flow to the muscles and brain. Overworked and tired adrenal glands may not be able to produce necessary hormones, and then fatigue, anxiety and reduced immunity set in.
Continued Tomorrow
http://www.naturalproductsmarketplace.com/articles/2011/03/too-stressed-to-sleep.aspx
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Another Health Benefit of Peppermint
Peppermint Oil
A new study reviewed the safety and efficacy of peppermint oil.
Researchers from Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York explained that peppermint leaf and peppermint oil have a long history of use for digestive disorders. Recent evidence suggests that enteric-coated peppermint oil may be effective in relieving some of the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
The study also noted that a combination product including peppermint oil and caraway oil seems to be moderately effective in the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia.
Topical application of peppermint oil may be effective in the treatment of tension headache. Because of its relaxing effects on smooth muscle, peppermint oil given via enema has been modestly effective for relief of colonic spasm in patients undergoing barium enemas.
Researchers concluded that peppermint oil is well tolerated at the commonly recommended dosage, but it may cause significant adverse effects at higher dosages.
Peppermint (Mentha x piperita), a perennial herb growing to the size of one meter throughout much of Europe and North America, has a long history of use for digestive disorders. There is both clinical and in vitro research on the whole plant and one of its main phytochemicals, menthol, to support some of its traditional uses. Peppermint oil is obtained by steam distillation from the fresh above ground parts of the flowering plant of Mentha x peperita, a sterile hybrid of spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica).
Peppermint oil acts to reduce gastrointestinal smooth muscle motility, possibly by acting as a calcium channel antagonist. There is prelimiary evidence from small methodologically weak trials suggesting efficacy of peppermint oil in the treatment of nonulcer dyspepsia symptoms (in combination with caraway oil) and irritable bowl syndrome (IBS). These areas are controversial, and some experts assert that this evidence is not currently sufficient to draw clear conclusions. Further research is warranted in these areas, with randomized placebo controlled controlled trials utilizing adequate sample sizes, proper randomization and blinding procedures, adequate patient stratification prior to inclusion and accepted validated instruments for assessing endpoints. Notably, peppermint oil may actually cause upset stomach in some patients.
Peppermint oil is generally dosed at 0.2mL of peppermint oil per capsule or tablet, three times daily before meals, and should be avoided in pregnancy, gall bladder disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
References
1.Kligler B, Chaudhary S. Peppermint oil. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Apr 1;75(7):1027-30. View Abstract
2.Natural Standard Research Collaboration: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. www.naturalstandard.com Copyright © 2007
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
A new study reviewed the safety and efficacy of peppermint oil.
Researchers from Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York explained that peppermint leaf and peppermint oil have a long history of use for digestive disorders. Recent evidence suggests that enteric-coated peppermint oil may be effective in relieving some of the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
The study also noted that a combination product including peppermint oil and caraway oil seems to be moderately effective in the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia.
Topical application of peppermint oil may be effective in the treatment of tension headache. Because of its relaxing effects on smooth muscle, peppermint oil given via enema has been modestly effective for relief of colonic spasm in patients undergoing barium enemas.
Researchers concluded that peppermint oil is well tolerated at the commonly recommended dosage, but it may cause significant adverse effects at higher dosages.
Peppermint (Mentha x piperita), a perennial herb growing to the size of one meter throughout much of Europe and North America, has a long history of use for digestive disorders. There is both clinical and in vitro research on the whole plant and one of its main phytochemicals, menthol, to support some of its traditional uses. Peppermint oil is obtained by steam distillation from the fresh above ground parts of the flowering plant of Mentha x peperita, a sterile hybrid of spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica).
Peppermint oil acts to reduce gastrointestinal smooth muscle motility, possibly by acting as a calcium channel antagonist. There is prelimiary evidence from small methodologically weak trials suggesting efficacy of peppermint oil in the treatment of nonulcer dyspepsia symptoms (in combination with caraway oil) and irritable bowl syndrome (IBS). These areas are controversial, and some experts assert that this evidence is not currently sufficient to draw clear conclusions. Further research is warranted in these areas, with randomized placebo controlled controlled trials utilizing adequate sample sizes, proper randomization and blinding procedures, adequate patient stratification prior to inclusion and accepted validated instruments for assessing endpoints. Notably, peppermint oil may actually cause upset stomach in some patients.
Peppermint oil is generally dosed at 0.2mL of peppermint oil per capsule or tablet, three times daily before meals, and should be avoided in pregnancy, gall bladder disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
References
1.Kligler B, Chaudhary S. Peppermint oil. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Apr 1;75(7):1027-30. View Abstract
2.Natural Standard Research Collaboration: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. www.naturalstandard.com Copyright © 2007
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
03.26.11
It is curious that physical courage should be so common in the world and moral courage so rare.
Mark Twain
http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Mark_Twain/31
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com
Mark Twain
http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Mark_Twain/31
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
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The Best Way to Juice Your Joints
Continued from Yesterday
Glucosamine
In the body, glucosamine is made by combining glucose, a simple sugar, and glutamine, an amino acid. The body funnels most of its stash to the joints. Supplemental glucosamine, often sold in combination with chondroitin (see page 123), is made from the shells of shrimp, lobster, and crabs, and more than 150 studies and 20 clinical trials indicate that it not only relieves pain but also builds cartilage. Glucosamine also reportedly lubricates joints by keeping cartilage pliable.
Dosage: Take 1,500 mg in two or three separate doses throughout the day (depending on how many milligrams—500 or 750—are in each dose). The body absorbs all supplement types—capsules, tablets, liquids, and powders—equally well. The supplement is sold as glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate, but both appear to be equally effective.
Side effects: If you have an allergy to shellfish, talk to your physician before trying glucosamine. Potential side effects include indigestion, nausea, and heartburn.
Tip: Don’t bother with topical glucosamine. “There is absolutely no evidence that glucosamine can be absorbed through the skin, even if you were to soak in a bathtub full of the stuff,” says Theodosakis
Continued Tomorrow
http://www.naturalsolutionsmag.com/article-display/9447/subTopicID/181/The-Best-Way-to-Juice-Your-Joints#
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com
Glucosamine
In the body, glucosamine is made by combining glucose, a simple sugar, and glutamine, an amino acid. The body funnels most of its stash to the joints. Supplemental glucosamine, often sold in combination with chondroitin (see page 123), is made from the shells of shrimp, lobster, and crabs, and more than 150 studies and 20 clinical trials indicate that it not only relieves pain but also builds cartilage. Glucosamine also reportedly lubricates joints by keeping cartilage pliable.
Dosage: Take 1,500 mg in two or three separate doses throughout the day (depending on how many milligrams—500 or 750—are in each dose). The body absorbs all supplement types—capsules, tablets, liquids, and powders—equally well. The supplement is sold as glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate, but both appear to be equally effective.
Side effects: If you have an allergy to shellfish, talk to your physician before trying glucosamine. Potential side effects include indigestion, nausea, and heartburn.
Tip: Don’t bother with topical glucosamine. “There is absolutely no evidence that glucosamine can be absorbed through the skin, even if you were to soak in a bathtub full of the stuff,” says Theodosakis
Continued Tomorrow
http://www.naturalsolutionsmag.com/article-display/9447/subTopicID/181/The-Best-Way-to-Juice-Your-Joints#
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com
What are the Top Health Supplements?
15 top supplements for heart, brain, digestive and women's health
Heart health
Continued from Yesterday
Turmeric
An anti-inflammatory and antioxidant with myriad therapeutic benefits, turmeric—more specifically, its active constituent curcumin—demonstrates potential heart-protecting qualities, although curcumin research to date has been limited to lab and animal studies.
How it works: Even without conclusive human trials, Pizzorno says “curcumin’s ability to stop inflammation suggests it may help prevent and treat cardiovascular disease.” Lucille agrees: “Curcumin stops platelets from clumping together, which improves circulation and may help protect against atherosclerosis.” Both experts recommend a daily curcumin dose between 1,000 and 2,000 mg.
Take note: Lucille says standard curcumin’s bioavailability is poor, so clinical trials have used large dosages (up to 12 grams daily) to get small amounts into the bloodstream. But high doses may make cost an issue. To combat this, she says, “new research is focusing on approaches to improve curcumin’s bioavailability, such as adding lecithin or piperine,” which is a pepper plant extract that increases absorption. Lucille also points to a product, BCM-95 Bioavailable Curcumin, that uses phospholipids and turmeric essential oils to boost absorption.
Continued Tomorrow
http://newhope360.com/supplements/15-top-supplements-heart-brain-digestive-and-womens-health
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http://back2basicnutrition.com/
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Heart health
Continued from Yesterday
Turmeric
An anti-inflammatory and antioxidant with myriad therapeutic benefits, turmeric—more specifically, its active constituent curcumin—demonstrates potential heart-protecting qualities, although curcumin research to date has been limited to lab and animal studies.
How it works: Even without conclusive human trials, Pizzorno says “curcumin’s ability to stop inflammation suggests it may help prevent and treat cardiovascular disease.” Lucille agrees: “Curcumin stops platelets from clumping together, which improves circulation and may help protect against atherosclerosis.” Both experts recommend a daily curcumin dose between 1,000 and 2,000 mg.
Take note: Lucille says standard curcumin’s bioavailability is poor, so clinical trials have used large dosages (up to 12 grams daily) to get small amounts into the bloodstream. But high doses may make cost an issue. To combat this, she says, “new research is focusing on approaches to improve curcumin’s bioavailability, such as adding lecithin or piperine,” which is a pepper plant extract that increases absorption. Lucille also points to a product, BCM-95 Bioavailable Curcumin, that uses phospholipids and turmeric essential oils to boost absorption.
Continued Tomorrow
http://newhope360.com/supplements/15-top-supplements-heart-brain-digestive-and-womens-health
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
Importance of Healthy Bones
Your Bones Are Alive
It's easy to take bones for granted and ignore them until you break one or are diagnosed with bone-thinning in old age.
In fact, you may not really consider your bones a resource that needs lifelong protection and nurturing.
But guess what? There are a few surprises lurking inside your bones, and youthful habits can even affect bones in old age. Read on to find out more about this living -- yes, they're alive! -- tissue.
They may feel like rocks, but bones are living things. In fact, a group of cells (called osteoblasts) are constantly churning out new bone, while a second set (called osteoclasts) destroys bone by gobbling it up like Pac-Man.
This constant tug of war between creation and destruction is called bone remodeling.
It's the reason bones regenerate after a break, grow rapidly during youth, and, unfortunately, decline later in life when the balance tips toward destruction
Continued Tomorrow
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/24/bone-health-_n_839758.html#s257149&title=Your_Bones_Are
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Friday, March 25, 2011
What are the Top Health Supplements?
15 top supplements for heart, brain, digestive and women's health
Heart health
Cardiovascular disease remains the number-one killer of U.S. adults—by a long shot—so it’s no wonder heart health tops consumers’ lists of concerns. According to SPINS, shoppers purchased $227 million worth of supplements targeting hypertension, atherosclerosis and high cholesterol in natural foods stores, excluding Whole Foods Market. “The majority of cardiovascular disease is preventable and treatable with dietary changes, physical activity and targeted nutritional supplementation,” Pizzorno says. “Along with lifestyle interventions, supplements typically have broader benefit than pharmaceuticals because they address the dysfunctions that underlie chronic disease, rather than treating the symptoms.”
Fish oil
Our experts unanimously tout omega-3-fatty-acid-packed fish-oil supplements for their vast cardiovascular benefits, especially since people rarely get enough of fish oil’s active components, EPA and DHA, from food. “Most people would benefit from eating 12 ounces of fish per week,” Low Dog says. “But since many do not, fish oil is high on my list [for heart health].”
How it works: EPA and DHA alter the fatty-acid content of cellular membranes—improving cell function—and combat the inflammation that causes most cardiovascular diseases, Pizzorno says. “They reduce blood pressure in hypertensive individuals, lower triglycerides, improve insulin resistance, prevent and treat metabolic syndrome, and reduce arrhythmias and cardiac death.”
To maintain a healthy heart and circulatory system—and protect the brain and eyes—Low Dog suggests a daily dose of a molecularly distilled fish oil that offers 600 to 800 mg of EPA and 300 to 500 mg of DHA. But those with heart disease or elevated triglycerides may need up to 3,000 to 4,000 mg total per day, Pizzorno says.
Take note: “Make sure fish oil is clean and free of heavy metals and dioxins,” Lucille says. “Manufacturers must be able to prove product purity.”
http://newhope360.com/supplements/15-top-supplements-heart-brain-digestive-and-womens-health
http://www.depsyl.com/
http://back2basicnutrition.com/
http://bionutritionalresearch.olhblogspace.com/
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